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先知与朝圣者·5/6·1
Photograph of Babylon

The place

Babylon

通天塔

圣经里最疯狂的野心故事背后,有一座真实存在过的巨塔——上帝亲自下凡把它叫停了

c. 610-562 BCE (Nebuchadnezzar's reconstruction); Genesis account undated; archaeological remains excavated 1899-1917Babylon

象一下,全世界所有人说同一种语言。《创世记》第十一章就是这么开头的。大洪水之后,诺亚的后代一路迁徙,来到了今天伊拉克南部的一片大平原——幼发拉底河和底格里斯河之间的土地。这里没有石头,没有木材,只有泥。于是他们把河泥捏成砖,用火烧硬,再用天然沥青粘起来——那种沥青,到今天还能从伊拉克的地面上冒出来。然后,他们说了一句改变一切的话:“来,我们造一座塔,塔顶要通天。”

故事寓意

通天塔从来不只是关于高度,它关于团结——以及团结的人类有多可怕。地球上的每一种语言,都是那份原初的整体被打碎后留下的碎片。每一次翻译,都是在试图重建上帝觉得必须摧毁的东西。也许真正的教训不是人不该往天上够,而是够的过程比够到更重要。我们支离破碎的语言带来了无尽的混乱,但也正是这种多样性,创造出了任何单一语言都无法承载的美。

人物

N
Nebuchadnezzar II -- king who rebuilt the ziggurat Etemenanki to its full glory
H
Herodotus -- Greek historian who visited and described the tower around 460 BCE
A
Alexander the Great -- ordered 10,000 men to clear its rubble in 331 BCE
R
Robert Koldewey -- German archaeologist who excavated its foundations (1899-1917)
A
Andrew George -- Assyriologist who published the Tower of Babel stele (2011)

来源

Genesis 11:1-9 (Tower of Babel narrative); George, Andrew R. 'A Stele of Nebuchadnezzar II,' Cuneiform Royal Inscriptions and Related Texts in the Schøyen Collection, Cornell University Studies in Assyriology and Sumerology 17, 2011; Herodotus, Histories, Book I.178-183; The Esagila Tablet (AO 6555, Louvre); 'Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta' (Sumerian poem, c. 2100 BCE); Koldewey, Robert. The Excavations at Babylon, 1914; George, Andrew R. Babylonian Topographical Texts, Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 40, 1992; Strabo, Geography XVI.1.5 (Alexander's clearing of the ziggurat); Wiseman, D.J. Nebuchadrezzar and Babylon, Oxford University Press, 1985